Timothy Huang
A Writing 39C Portfolio
Annotated Bibliography
This is my annoated bibliographies. It's a list of sources I found through my research that I thought were relevant to my topic. I've stated the credentials of the authors, the summary of the source, and why I thought the paper would be relevant to my topic.
Cell Regeneration in Lobsters
Historical Conversations Project
Harrison, P. J. H., Cate, H. S., Steullet, P. and Derby, C. D. (2003), Amputation-induced activity of progenitor cells leads to rapid regeneration of olfactory tissue in lobsters. J. Neurobiol., 55: 97–114. doi: 10.1002/neu.10206
Paul Harrison, a biological researcher at Georgia State University investigated the regenerative properties of olfactory receptor neurons in lobsters. He conducted a research experiment by amputating various lengths and numbers of annuli and therefore removing the olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) units on the antennular lateral flagellum. The experiment provides insight about how the olfactory receptor neurons and antennular regrows and regenerates. The introduction and discussion of this research also describes the cell regenerative properties of lobsters.
Harrison, P. J. H., Cate, H. S., Steullet, P. and Derby, C. D. (2001), Structural plasticity in the olfactory system of adult spiny lobsters: postembroynic development permits life-long growth, turnover,andregeneration. Marine Freshwater Research, 52. (2001): 1357-65. Print
Another study conducted by the same group of researchers above. In this experiment, the researchers are investigating the growth of the olfactory system and the maintenance of olfactory functions in Caribbean spiny lobsters. They are also investigating the structural changes that occur throughout the lobsters' life cycles. The papers describe the reasons for cell regeneration in the introduction and specific changes and growth of olfactory systems in later parts of the paper.
Applications of Animal Toxins
Cruz-Monserrate, Z., Vervoort, H., Bai, R. (2003), Diazonamide A and a Synthetic Structural Analog: Disruptive Effects on Mitosis and Cellular MIcrotubules and Analysis of Their Interactions with Tubulin. Molecular Pharmacology, 63. (2001): 1273-1280. Print.
The authors cited in this article are all researchers at respected institutions including National Institutes of Health, University of California at San Diego, etc. The journal is about the marine animal Diazona angulata, also known as a sea squirt, and the potential medical uses of its toxin. The main point in this article is that the toxin can be used to interrupt cell mitosis (cell reproduction), specifically cellular microtubules that play a significant role in the process. Since cancer a disease caused by the uncontrollable replication of cells, the journal suggsts that the main chemical in sea squirt toxin can be extracted as a potential cure for cancer.
Advocacy Project
What's the problem- Decrease in Marine Biodiversity
Laufer, Hans, et al. "Multiple Factors in Marine Environments Affecting Lobster Survival, Development, and Growth, with Emphasis on Alkylphenols: A Perspective." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70.11 (2013): 1588-600. Print.
Hans Laufer, a research professor studying hormones affecting reproduction, morphogensis and metamorphosis of invertebrates at the University of Connnecticut, wrote this paper on the effects of alkylphenols (a chemical used in the manufacturing of plastics, antioxidants, pants, detergents, etc.) on the growth and development of lobsters. He found in his research that alkylphenol affects lobsters' larval survival, molting, shell hardening, and interferes their metamorphosis cycles. I think this would be a good source because the researcher points out the factors that currently affects lobster population and he briefly describes factors that affected the drop in lobster population in 1999. With my HCP focused on lobster research and their implications, having a research that describes the effects of chemical pollutants on lobster growth will connect my HCP to my AP on ceasing human caused pollutions in an effort to preserve marine biodiversity.
Shahidul Islam, Md, and Masaru Tanaka. "Impacts of Pollution on Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Including Coastal and Marine Fisheries and Approach for Management: A Review and Synthesis." Marine Pollution Bulletin 48.7–8 (2004): 624-49. Print.
Dr. Shahidul Islam, a research professor studying aquatic ecology and aquaculture systems at the Universiti Malaysia Terengganu wrote this paper describing the effects of various common chemical pollutants on marine life. In this paper, he describes common chemical pollutants such as fertilizers, insecticides, heavy metals, untreated sewage, etc. and describes their most sigificant impacts on marine life. The describes the impact in detail, such as how heavy metals and trace elements can be injested by bottlenose dolphins where it can be concentrated in protein-rich tissues (muscles and liver), cuasing lesions, fatty degeneration,m decrease nutritional state, etc. This source will be beneficial for when I extend the impact of chemical pollutants to other marine life other than dolphins.
Selig, Elizabeth R., et al. "Global Priorities for Marine Biodiversity Conservation." PLoS ONE 9.1 (2014): e82898. Print.
Dr. Elizabeth R. Selig, the director of marine science at the Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans, is one of the many notable authors that co-authored the paper. The main purpose of this paper is to propose ways to aid marine regions most severely affected by human activity. However, the introduction and the earlier sections of the paper introduces the affect of human activities on marine biodiversity and populations. One of the issues she mentioned was decreases in species richenss or abundance can affect not just ecological stability, but also fisheries, which is significant to the economy. Because this paper relates how the problem will affects humans, it will persaude the audience of my advocacy project by giving it a "so what" factor.
Solution to the problem
Thorpe, Beverley. "How The Toxics Use Reduction Act Continues To Promote Clean Production Internationally." Journal of Cleaner Production. 19.5 (2011): 552-558. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 May 2015.
Beverley Thorpe, a researcher of clean production and co-founder of the United Nations Enviornment Programme for Cleaner Production, wrote this paper addressing the success of the The Massachusetts' Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA) of 1989. TURA was an act that was successful at persuading companies to reduce the emission of toxic chemicals in the manufacturing processes. Although the paper is mainly writing about the success of the policies, it points out areas, in which the policy could be improved. The paper specifically states that sewage treatment is often unregulated. In addition, the paper points out that despite efforts by GreenPeace to promte clean production, countries in Asia and Latin America. where they rely heavily on manufacturing and exports, continue to release chemical pollutants into their water sources. The paper states that TURA fails in these countries due to poor government oversight and the companies' desires for cheap and efficient disposal systems. By educating these governments about the benefits of clean production and increasing the regulation of sewage treatment, the issues prohibiting the global success of TURA can be resolved. By implementing TURA globally, emission of chemical pollutants would decrease as it has demonstrated in the past.
Luo, Liangguo, Yan Wang, and Lihuan Qin. "Incentives For Promoting Agricultural Clean Production Technologies in China." Journal of Cleaner Production 74. (2014): 54-61. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 May 2015.
Dr. Liangguo Luo, a researcher and professor at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, wrote this paper to address recent survey findings of Chinese Farmers, and their interests in adopting a cleaner agricultural production techniques. The use of chemical insecticides and fertilizers, as two main causes of chemical pollution, should be reduced to lessen the emission of toxic chemicals into water sources. The researchers surveyed farmers from China and other Asian countries, asking them about their interests in implementing clean production techniques. The results indicate that the majority of the farmers see themselves as responsible citizens and are willing to adopt these techniques at some costs. However, the farmers refuse to take actions if the cost exceeds more than 10% of ther income. The researchers proposed several ways to persaude the farmers to adopt environmental protection measures. One suggestion is that the government and/or agricultural insurance companies should provide subsidies to cover excess costs. In addition, as an incentive, in the case of natural disasters or catastrophes, farmers that adopt clean production techniques will recieve aids from both the government and insurance companies. Although this paper is specific to farmers in China, it shows that most farmers do not adopt clean agriculture production because of economic reasons. If the government provides monetary incentives or covers the excessive costs, the amount of toxic chemicals that seep into water systems would decrease.